TUGAS 4 BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

Exercise 37: Relative Clauses

      1. The last record which produced by this company became a gold record.

      2. Checking accounts that require a minimum balance are very common now.

      3. The professor whose you spoke yesterday is not here today.

      4. John whose grades are the highest in the school, has received a scholarship. 

      5. Felipe bought a camera that has three lenses.

      6. Frank are who were nominated for the office of treasurer.

      7. The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in an accident. 

      8. Jane is the woman who is going to China next year.

      9. Janet wants a typewriter whose self-corrects.

    10. This book that I found last week, contains some useful information.

    11. Mr. Bryant whose team has lost the game, looks very sad.

    12. James wrote an article whose indicated that he diskiled the president.

    13. The director of the program whose graduated from Harvard University, is planning to retire next  year.

    14. This is the book that I have been looking for all year.

    15. William whose brother is a lawyer, wants to become a judge.

Exercise 38: Relative Clause Reduction

          1. George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.

          2. All of the money accepted has already been released.

          3. The papers on the table belong to Patricia.

          4. The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.

          5. The girl drinking coffe, is Mary Allen.

          6. John’s wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.

          7. The man talking to the policeman, is my uncle.

          8. The book on the top shelf, is the one that I need.

          9. The number of students have been counted is quite high.

   10. Leo Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.

Relative clauses

What is a relative clause?

We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences, or to give more information about something.
I bought a new car. It is very fast.
→ I bought a new car that is very fast.
She lives in New York. She likes living in New York.
→ She lives in New York, which she likes.

Defining and Non-defining

A defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about:

• I like the woman who lives next door.
  (If I don't say 'who lives next door', then we don't know which woman I mean).

A non-defining relative clause gives us extra information about something. We don't need this information to understand the sentence.

• I live in London, which has some fantastic parks.
  (Everybody knows where London is, so 'which has some fantastic parks' is extra information).

Defining relative clauses:

1: The relative pronoun is the subject:
First, let's consider when the relative pronoun is the subject of a defining relative clause.
We can use 'who', 'which' or 'that'. We use 'who' for people and 'which' for things. We can use 'that' for people or things.
The relative clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. We can't drop the relative pronoun.
For example (clause after the object of the sentence):

• I'm looking for a secretary who / that can use a computer well.
• She has a son who / that is a doctor.
• We bought a house which / that is 200 years old.
• I sent a letter which / that arrived three weeks later.

More examples (clause after the subject of the sentence):

• The people who / that live on the island are very friendly.
• The man who / that phoned is my brother.
• The camera which / that costs £100 is over there.
• The house which / that belongs to Julie is in London.

2: The relative pronoun is the object:
Next, let's talk about when the relative pronoun is the object of the clause. In this case we can drop the relative pronoun if we want to. Again, the clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. Here are some examples:
(Clause after the object)

• She loves the chocolate (which / that) I bought.
• We went to the village (which / that) Lucy recommended.
• John met a woman (who / that) I had been to school with.
• The police arrested a man (who / that) Jill worked with.

(Clause after the subject)

• The bike (which / that) I loved was stolen.
• The university (which / that) she likes is famous.
• The woman (who / that) my brother loves is from Mexico.
• The doctor (who / that) my grandmother liked lives in New York.

Non-defining relative clauses:

We don't use 'that' in non-defining relative clauses, so we need to use 'which' if the pronoun refers to a thing, and 'who' if it refers to a person. We can't drop the relative pronoun in this kind of clause, even if the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause.
(Clause comes after the subject)

• My boss, who is very nice, lives in Manchester.
• My sister, who I live with, knows a lot about cars.
• My bicycle, which I've had for more than ten years, is falling apart.
• My mother's house, which I grew up in, is very small.

(Clause comes after the object)

• Yesterday I called our friend Julie, who lives in New York.
• The photographer called to the Queen, who looked annoyed.
• Last week I bought a new computer, which I don't like now.
• I really love the new Chinese restaurant, which we went to last night.

Prepositions and relative clauses

If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, we put it at the end of the clause:
For example:

• listen to

The music is good. Julie listens to the music.
→ The music (which / that) Julie listens to is good.

• work with

My brother met a woman. I used to work with the woman.
→ My brother met a woman (who / that) I used to work with.

• go to

The country is very hot. He went to the country.
→ The country (which / that) he went to is very hot.

• come from

I visited the city. John comes from the city.
→ I visited the city (that / which) John comes from.

• apply for

The job is well paid. She applied for the job.
→ The job (which / that) she applied for is well paid.

Whose

'Whose' is always the subject of the relative clause and can't be left out. It replaces a possessive. It can be used for people and things.
The dog is over there. The dog's / its owner lives next door.
→ The dog whose owner lives next door is over there.
The little girl is sad. The little girl's / her doll was lost.
→ The little girl whose doll was lost is sad.
The woman is coming tonight. Her car is a BMW.
→ The woman whose car is a BMW is coming tonight.
The house belongs to me. Its roof is very old.
→ The house whose roof is old belongs to me.

Where / when / why

We can sometimes use these question words instead of relative pronouns and prepositions.
I live in a city. I study in the city.

→ I live in the city where I study.
→ I live in the city that / which I study in.
→ I live in the city in which I study.
The bar in Barcelona is still there. I met my wife in that bar.

→ The bar in Barcelona where I met my wife is still there.
→ The bar in Barcelona that / which I met my wife in is still there.
→ The bar in Barcelona in which I met my wife is still there.
The summer was long and hot. I graduated from university in the summer.

→ The summer when I graduated from university was long and hot.
→ The summer that / which I graduated from university in was long and hot.
→ The summer in which I graduated was long and hot.

sumber : http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/relative-clauses.html

TUGAS 3 BAHASA INGGRIS 2

Exercise 36 : Causative Verbs ( Page 135 )
1.      The teacher made Juan leave the room.
2.      Toshiko had her car repaired by a mechanic.
3.      Ellen got Marvin to type her paper.
4.      I made Jane call her  friend on the telephone.
5.      We got our house to paint last week.
6.      Dr. Byrd is having the students write a composition.
7.      The policeman made the suspect lie on the ground.
8.      Mark got his transcripts to send to the university.
9.      Maria is getting her hair to cut tomorrow.
10.  We will have to get the Dean sign this form.
11.  The teacher let Al leave the classroom.
12.  Maria got Ed to wash the pipettes.
13.  She always has her car fixed by the same mechanic.
14.  Gene got his book published by a subsidy publisher. 
15.  We have to help Janet to find her keys.

Examples of Active and Passive Voice

Sentences in Active and Passive Voice

Here are examples of sentences written in both the active voice and the passive voice, with the active voice sentence appearing first:

1.   Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. (active)
2.   At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry. (passive)
3.   Beautiful giraffes roam the savannah. (active)
4.   The savannah is roamed by beautiful giraffes. (passive)
5.   Sue changed the flat tire. (active)
6.   The flat tire was changed by Sue. (passive)
7.   We are going to watch a movie tonight. (active)
8.   A movie is going to be watched by us tonight. (passive)
9.   I ran the obstacle course in record time. (active)
10. The obstacle course was run by me in record time. (passive)
11.The crew paved the entire stretch of highway. (active)
12.The entire stretch of highway was paved by the crew. (passive)
13. Mom read the novel in one day. (active)
14. The novel was read by Mom in one day. (passive)
15. The critic wrote a scathing review. (active)
16. A scathing review was written by the critic. (passive)
17. I will clean the house every Saturday. (active)
18. The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday. (passive)
19. The staff is required to watch a safety video every year. (active)
20. A safety video will be watched by the staff every year. (passive)
21. She faxed her application for a new job. (active)
22. The application for a new job was faxed by her. (passive)
23. Tom painted the entire house. (active)
24. The entire house was planted by Tom. (passive)
25. The teacher always answers the students’ questions. (active)
26. The students’ questions are always answered by the teacher. (passive)
27. The choir really enjoys that piece. (active)
28. That piece is really enjoyed by the choir. (passive)
29. Who taught you to ski? (active)
30. By whom were you taught to ski? (passive)
31. The forest fire destroyed the whole suburb. (active)
32. The whole suburb was destroyed by the forest fire. (passive)
33. The two kings are signing the treaty. (active)
34. The treaty is being signed by the two kings. (passive)
35. The cleaning crew vacuums and dusts the office every night. (active)
36. Every night the office is vacuumed and dusted by the cleaning crew. (passive)
37. Larry generously donated money to the homeless shelter. (active)
38. Money was generously donated to the homeless shelter by Larry. (passive)
39. No one responded to my sales ad. (active)
40. My sales ad was not responded to by anyone. (passive)
41. The wedding planner is making all the reservations. (active)
42. All the reservations will be made by the wedding planner. (passive)
43. Susan will bake two dozen cupcakes for the bake sale. (active)
44. For the bake sale, two dozen cookies will be baked by Susan. (passive)
45. The science class viewed the comet. (active)
46. The comet was viewed by the science class. (passive)
47. Who ate the last cookie? (active)
48. The last cookie was eaten by whom? (passive)
49. Alex posted the video on Facebook. (active)
50. The video was posted on Facebook by Alex. (passive)
51. The director will give you instructions. (active)
52. Instructions will be given to you by the director. (passive)
53. Thousands of tourists view the Grand Canyon every year. (active)
54. The Grand Canyon is viewed by thousands of tourists every year. (passive)
55. The homeowners remodeled the house to help it sell. (active)
56. The house was remodeled by the homeowners to help it sell. (passive)
57. The team will celebrate their victory tomorrow. (active)
58. The victory will be celebrated by the team tomorrow. (passive)
59. The saltwater eventually corroded the metal beams. (active)
60. The metal beams were eventually corroded by the saltwater. (passive)
61. The kangaroo carried her baby in her pouch. (active)
62. The baby was carried by the kangaroo in her pouch. (passive)
63. Some people raise sugar cane in Hawaii. (active)
64. Sugar cane is raised by some people in Hawaii. (passive)

These different sentences written in both active voice and passive voice illustrate the differences.

sumer : http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples/examples-of-active-and-passive-voice.html

TUGAS 2 BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

Exercise 33 : Because / Because Of

1.  It was difficult to deliver the letter because the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope.
2. We decided to leave early because the party was boring.
3. Rescue attempts were temporarily halted because of  the bad weather.
4. They visited their friends often because they enjoyed their company.
5. Paul cannot go to the football game because of  his grades.
6. Marcella was awarded a scholarship because of her superior scholastic ability.
7. Nobody ventured outdoors because of the hurricane warnings.
8. We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains because the air is purer there.
9. We have to drive around the bay because the bridge was destroyed in the storm.
10. The chickens have died because of the intense heat.

Exercise 34 : So / Such

1. The sun shone so brightly that Maria had to put on her sunglasses.
2. Dean was such a powerful swimmer that he always won the races.
3. There were such few students registered that the class was cancelled.
4. We had such wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return.
5. We had so good a time at the party that we hated to leave.
6. The benefit was so great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it.
7. It was such a nice day that we decided to go to the beach.
8. Jane looked so sick that the nurse told her to go home.
9. Those were so difficult assignments that we spent two weeks finishing them.
10. Ray called such an early hour that we weren’t awake yet.
11. The book looked so interesting that he decided to read it.
12. He worked so carefully that it took him a long time to complete the project.
13. We stayed in the sun for such a long time that we became sunburned.
14. There were so many people on the bus that we decided to walk.
15. The program was such entertaining that nobody wanted to miss it.

Connection (Conjunction)

Conjunctions

A conjunction is a word that "joins". A conjunction joins two parts of a sentence.
Here are some example conjunctions:

Coordinating Conjunctions	Subordinating Conjunctions
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so	although, because, since, unless

We can consider conjunctions from three aspects.

Form

Conjunctions have three basic forms:

• Single Word
  for example: and, but, because, although
  
• Compound (often ending with as or that)
  for example: provided that, as long as, in order that
  
• Correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective)
  for example: so...that

Function

Conjunctions have two basic functions or "jobs":

• Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses, for example:
  - Jack and Jill went up the hill.
  - The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming.
  
• Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main clause, for example:
  - I went swimming although it was cold.

Position

• Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
  
• Subordinating conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the subordinate clause.

 sumber : http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/conjunctions.htm